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4D Dynamic Scenes

Dynamic novel view synthesis, deformable NeRFs, and 4D Gaussian Splatting — from early neural radiance fields for dynamic scenes to real-time photo-realistic dynamic view synthesis.

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Deformable NeRFs & Early Dynamic Methods 22+ papers

Model / MethodFull TitleVenueYear
D-NeRFNeural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenes CVPR2021
NerfiesDeformable Neural Radiance Fields ICCV2021
HyperNeRFA Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying NeRF SIGGRAPH Asia2021
Neural Scene Flow FieldsSpace-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes CVPR2021
Non-Rigid Neural Radiance FieldsNon-Rigid Neural Radiance Fields ICCV2021
LASRLearning Articulated Shape Reconstruction from Monocular Video CVPR2021
BANMoBuilding Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videos CVPR2022
Tensor4DEfficient Neural 4D Decomposition CVPR2023
HexPlaneA Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenes CVPR2023
K-PlanesExplicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearance CVPR2023
EmerNeRFEmergent Spatial-Temporal Scene Decomposition arXiv2023
PPRPhysically Plausible Reconstruction from Monocular Videos ICCV2023
DyLiNDyLiN: Making Light Field Networks Dynamic CVPR2023
MonoNeRFMonoNeRF: Learning a Generalizable Dynamic Radiance Field from Monocular Videos ICCV2023

4D Gaussian Splatting 46+ papers

Model / MethodFull TitleVenueYear
Shape of MotionShape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Video arXiv2025
MonST3RMonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motion arXiv2025
4DRecons4DRecons: 4D Neural Implicit Deformable Objects CVPR2025
4D Gaussian SplattingReal-time Dynamic Scene Rendering ICLR2024
Deformable 3DGSHigh-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstruction CVPR2024
SC-GSSparse-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Editable Dynamic Scenes CVPR2024
Dynamic 3D GaussiansTracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesis 3DV2023
Spacetime GaussiansReal-Time Dynamic View Synthesis CVPR2024
3DGStreamOn-the-Fly Training for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Videos CVPR2024
4D-Rotor GaussiansTowards Efficient Novel View Synthesis for Dynamic Scenes SIGGRAPH2024
GaussianFlowSplatting Gaussian Dynamics for 4D Content Creation TMLR2024
DN-4DGSDenoised Deformable Network for Dynamic Scene Rendering NeurIPS2024
MotionGSExploring Explicit Motion Guidance for Deformable 3DGS NeurIPS2024
MoScaDynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffolds arXiv2024
DG-MeshDynamic Gaussians Mesh: Consistent Mesh Reconstruction ICLR2025
MoDGSDynamic Gaussian Splatting from Casually-captured Monocular Videos ICLR2025
SpectroMotionDynamic 3D Reconstruction of Specular Scenes CVPR2025
Instruct-4DGSEfficient Dynamic Scene Editing CVPR2025
Instant4D4D Gaussian Splatting in Minutes NeurIPS2025
4DGS-1K1000+ FPS 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Rendering arXiv2025
Sparse4DGSExtending 4D Reconstruction to Sparse-Frame Scenarios arXiv2025
Any4DUnified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstruction arXiv2025
Flux4DFlow-based Unsupervised 4D Reconstruction NeurIPS2025
VGGT4DMining Motion Cues in Visual Geometry Transformers arXiv2025
4D-VGGTGeneral Foundation Model with SpatioTemporal Awareness arXiv2025
WideRange4DHigh-Quality 4D Reconstruction with Wide-Range Movements arXiv2025
MoVieSMotion-Aware 4D Dynamic View Synthesis in One Second arXiv2025
TrackerSplatExploiting Point Tracking for Fast Dynamic 3D Gaussians arXiv2025
Diff4SplatControllable 4D Scene Generation with Latent Dynamic Reconstruction arXiv2025
Play4DAccelerated Interactive Free-viewpoint Video Streaming arXiv2025
D2GSLAM4D Dynamic Gaussian Splatting SLAM arXiv2025
REACTOREACTO: Reconstructing Articulated Objects from a Single Video CVPR2024
DynaSurfGSDynaSurfGS: Dynamic Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splatting arXiv2024
AT-GSAT-GS: Adaptive and Temporally Consistent Gaussian Surfels for Multi-view Dynamic Reconstruction WACV2025
MoRelMoRel: Long-Range Flicker-Free 4D Motion Modeling via Anchor Relay-based Bidirectional Blending arXiv2025
4D3R4D3R: Motion-Aware Neural Reconstruction and Rendering of Dynamic Scenes from Monocular Videos NeurIPS2025
V-DPMV-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Maps arXiv2025
UniSHUniSH: Unifying Scene and Human Reconstruction in a Feed-Forward Pass arXiv2025
Human3RHuman3R: Everyone Everywhere All at Once arXiv2025
Mono4DGS-HDRMono4DGS-HDR: High Dynamic Range 4D Gaussian Splatting from Alternating-exposure Monocular Videos arXiv2025
MoE-GSMoE-GS: Mixture of Experts for Dynamic Gaussian Splatting arXiv2025
SPIN-4DGSSPIN-4DGS: Implicit 4D Gaussian Splatting for Fast Motion with Large Inter-Frame Displacements ICLR2026
L4DGSL4DGS: Language-Guided 4D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Rendering ICLR2026
NeoVerseNeoVerse: Enhancing 4D World Model with in-the-wild Monocular Videos arXiv2026
4RC4RC: 4D Reconstruction via Conditional Querying Anytime and Anywhere arXiv2026